Wednesday, July 23, 2025
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Invasion by design? Peltola votes for illegal immigrants to be counted toward reapportionment, Electoral College

Rep. Mary Peltola, Alaska’s only voice in the U.S. House, has voted against a bill that makes it clear that redistricting (also known as reapportionment) must be done by using the U.S. Census count of actual citizens, and not by counting the 20 million illegal immigrants that have criminally moved across the border and are living in the United States unlawfully.

Over 7 million illegal immigrant have come to the United States in the three and a half years of the Biden Administration, and the Administration is shipping them to states like Florida, playing a long game to flip the state blue.

“One of the lesser acknowledged, but equally alarming, side effects of this administration’s failure to secure the southern border is the illegal immigrant population’s influence in America’s electoral process,” said Rep. Chuck Edwards, of North Carolina, speaking in favor of his Equal Representation Act, H. R. 7109.

The act passed along party lines, with all Democrats, including Peltola, voting against it.

Edwards spoke on the House floor about the need to protect America’s democracy and electoral integrity by making sure that only American citizens are counted when apportioning congressional seats and. The apportionment process also affects the Electoral College votes assigned to each state.

“Our democracy depends on accurate representation and electoral integrity. Voting is a coveted privilege held by American citizens, and elected representatives are responsible for serving the interests of the voters in their district,” Edwards said.

“But even if not a single illegal alien casts a vote, the mere presence of illegal immigrants in the U.S. is having a profound impact on the outcome of elections, skewing the representation of Americans,” he said.

Rep Andy Biggs of Arizona pointed out that that the U.S. Constitution mandates that a census be carried out every 10 years, where everyone who is present in the United States, regardless of their citizenship and immigration status, is counted. But the Constitution does not specify whether noncitizens or illegal aliens must be counted for the purpose of apportioning House seats.

In 2016, President Donald Trump added a citizenship question back to the 2020 census via executive order. The citizenship question that had been asked on every census since 1820, until it was removed in 1960, because the effect of illegal immigration was negligible at the time.

“But there’s no doubt today, that the effect of illegal immigration is significant. I won’t waste my time making that case – we all know it. It’s a top concern of about 70% of all Americans, Edwards said. “Though commonsense dictates that only citizens should be counted for apportionment purposes, illegal aliens have nonetheless recently been counted toward the final tallies that determine how many House seats each state is allocated and the number of electoral votes it will wield in presidential elections.

Since the illegal alien population is not evenly distributed throughout the nation, some states are losing representation in Congress to illegal aliens in other states.

“A 2019 study by the Center for Immigration Studies estimates illegal immigrants and non-citizens who have not naturalized and do not have the right to vote impact the distribution of 26 House seats,” Edwards said.

House seats and Electoral College votes will added to areas with the most illegals unless Senate passes the bill.

Newsweek jumped to defend Democrats in its fact-checking of the characterization being made of their pro-illegal-immigration vote, by saying that including illegals has been policy since the late 1700s. However, the Newsweek fact-checking was rated poorly by readers, who understand that illegal immigration is not what it was in earlier eras, and is now being used by Democrats to alter the actual political landscape of America.

Statista.com shows the number of illegal immigrants in each state in 2019, before the massive surge of over 7 million illegals during the Biden Administration. Based on the Statista baseline of 2019, there would be now about 20 million illegal aliens in the United States:

Source: Statista.com

Not so fast: Senate Finance strips out Giessel-Wielechowski tax on S corporations

Once considered a champion of Alaska’s oil-based economy, Sen. Cathy Giessel, a south Anchorage Republican, has done a 180-degree pivot, and now is voting against energy companies, which are the driving force for jobs and prosperity in Alaska.

Giessel’s vote in Senate Natural Resources Committee on Friday to tax Hilcorp surprised many who once knew her as a conservative.

But on Wednesday, her Hilcorp tax was foiled.

Senate Finance Committee brought forward a new version of House Bill 50 — the governor’s carbon storage bill — stripping out the S corporation tax that had been inserted into the bill by Sen. Bill Wielechowski and Committee Co-Chair Giessel.

The amended bill, with the controversial “Amendment d.49,” had left the Resources Committee on a vote of 4-3, with Giessel the only Republican to vote for enacting a new tax in Alaska.

Even Sen. Matt Claman, a Democrat, voted against it because of the implication it would have on thousands of businesses, both large and small, in Alaska. The language in the amendment was so vague it could capture other S corporations in the industry.

Other provisions had been crammed into HB 50 included HB 394 (gas storage), HB 256 (seismic data release) and HB 388 ( reserve-based lending). All were taken out in Finance and the bill is back to being just legislation that allows the state to engage in carbon storage as the only topic.

In addition to Giessel’s vote, Senators Forrest Dunbar, Scott Kawasaki, and Wielechowski voted in favor of taxing S corporations.

Voting against the tax amendment were Senators James Kaufman, Claman, and Committee Co-Chair Click Bishop.

Gov. Mike Dunleavy may not need to veto his own bill, now that the hostile tax amendment has been removed, although the bill must still pass the Senate.

It’s not a secret that the Giessel and Wielechowski are working on a plan to make Giessel the Senate president next year, while Dunbar is working on a plan to run for governor in 2026, according to those inside the Capitol.

Gas storage, seismic data, and reserve-based lending are expected to be considered separately on their own merits. They should advance as they involve policies with bipartisan support.

Win Gruening: Juneau Assembly ignores voters, ramps up spending and taxes

By WIN GRUENING

Capital City citizens and businesses have endured double-digit increases in property taxes over the last several years, yet the Juneau Assembly is doubling down on a spending spree and raising taxes.

Does the Assembly care about the public they serve?

City officials assert that the budget is “balanced,” and that revenues and expenditures are not projected to be materially different from the prior year.

But that ignores the substantial changes within recurring revenues and expenses as well as one-time expenditures that can be funded out of reserves. So, while the city may, in fact, end up with a “balanced budget,” it’s not because revenues actually equal expenses, it’s because the city can choose to use its cash reserves (or, in some cases, use debt) to finance their deficit spending.

This has serious implications for taxpayers who ultimately are responsible for paying off bonded indebtedness or replenishing city reserves via sales and property taxes levied by the city. 

Over the years, the city has developed a bad habit of over-collecting property taxes and underestimating sales tax receipts. The resulting excessive reserves have allowed the Assembly to finance all sorts of projects and activities that would never pass muster with voters.

The Assembly’s on-going obsession with building an arts and culture center connected to an expanded Centennial Hall is a perfect example. The “Capital Civic Center” (CCC) continues to receive millions of dollars despite the fact the arts center component was soundly rejected by voters in 2019.

Nevertheless, in December 2021, the Assembly appropriated $2 million toward engineering and design of the project and then passed a resolution in March 2022 allocating up to $10 million in funding from cruise passenger fees. In 2023, another $5 million was added making the total amount appropriated or committed for the project since inception $19 million, all without the approval of the voters who will be taxed to operate and maintain it.

This year the Assembly is considering giving the project a $4 million “advance” on their passenger fee commitment. Some view this as “free money” since it comes from cruise passengers. But other uses that it displaces should be a higher priority. Electrification of the city cruise docks, for example, will be short-changed if $10 million is squirreled away for the Capital Civic Center.

The Assembly’s CCC priority is astonishing given that it lacks electoral support, any justified return-on-investment, and is beyond the financial scope for Juneau’s population. Especially when Tlingit & Haida Central Council recently announced plans to build a large event center that “can be a gathering place for major events like Celebration, the Gold Medal Basketball Tournament and Native Youth Olympics.”

The 2021 $2 million design study was supposed to nail down the CCC cost, but no one seems curious why no answers are forthcoming.

Voters also rejected a $35 million bond issue for a new city hall in Juneau but $16 million in prior appropriations remain buried in city accounts that aren’t being used to reduce the budget. Why not? 

But that’s not all.

Other projects totaling $14 million are also being considered for community grants by the Assembly in the FY25 budget. A partial list of these projects raises questions about how they will reduce Juneau’s cost of living or expand the economy. 

  • $4 million – Land purchase for Association of Education for Young Children (AEYC)
  • $2 million – Homeless/Low Income housing for Gastineau Human Services
  • $2 million – Homeless/Low Income housing for Juneau Community Foundation
  • $500K – Operational support for AEYC – Parents as Teachers Program
  • $500K – STEAM/Fab Lab for Sealaska Heritage Foundation
  • $500K+ – Studies/Research for JEDC and Travel Juneau
  • $218K – Operational support to Juneau Arts and Humanities Council

Some projects may be worthwhile but with all the available vacant buildings, it’s fair to ask why we need any new buildings. Some requests have no detailed plans for completion or for self-support and will likely return year after year for more money. That isn’t an effective use of the Community Grant process.

The Juneau Assembly seems incapable of saying no. Instead, they have announced a $2 million increase in property taxes to help fund their largesse.

Will they ever draw the line and when will voters decide enough is enough?

After retiring as the senior vice president in charge of business banking for Key Bank in Alaska, Win Gruening became a regular opinion page columnist for the Juneau Empire. He was born and raised in Juneau and graduated from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1970. He is involved in various local and statewide organizations.

Harold Hollis: Don’t be fooled by the incumbents on the ballot in Chugach Electric Association’s election

By HAROLD HOLLIS

It is election time of year for all Chugach Electric Association members to elect directors to represent you on the Chugach Electric Association Board. You should have received an email confirming your email address and information on voting. Voting is easy and only takes a few minutes online.

Two board seats are open this election. Voting in the annual election began on April 17 and ends May 17. Two candidates will be elected to four-year terms on the Chugach Board of Directors. The four candidates, two of which are incumbents, are running this year.

The two incumbents, Sam Cason and Mark Wiggin, who are endorsed by the dark money supported Alaska Center (for the Environment) and Renewable Energy Alaska Project (REAP), are running an extensive media campaign promising support for lower rates, energy security and renewable energy. Who doesn’t want these things?

But campaign promises and smooth talk is cheap. Let’s look at the recent voting record of these two and see if their actions match their rhetoric.

– The two incumbents have voted solidly in line with the Alaska Center and REAP directors whose sole priority is intermittent and unsustainable wind and solar power. Their votes allow the renewable coalition to control the Chugach board.
– They voted to increase your electric rates on average 5.8% with further increases to come.
– They voted to increase their own Board compensation over 150%.
– They voted to approve a resolution supporting a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) with unreasonable goals that will increase Chugach’s costs and incur financial penalties that will ultimately increase your electric rates even more.
– They have voiced support for NVE’s proposal for removal the Eklutna dam which would eliminate Chugach’s lowest cost power generation. So much for support of reliable renewable energy.
– And, moreover, they have taken no significant action to ensure Chugach has a long-term gas supply to keep your lights on! Their focus has been on importing LNG at a cost of two to four times what Chugach currently pays for natural gas.

Don’t be fooled. Every one of these actions taken by these two directors will increase your electric rates and jeopardize our energy security. Does this sound like directors that have your best interests in mind? If not, I encourage you to vote for Dan Rogers and Todd Lindley. Dan and Todd strongly support all sources of energy and power, including renewables where they make sense.

They are solid professionals with engineering and management experience who will bring sound business decisions and unbiased rational problem solving to the Chugach Board.
You can read their bios at this link and this one.

This is a very important election. Chugach needs a board that makes rational decisions for the long term benefit of its members, you and me.

Dan Rogers and Todd Lindley will bring unbiased fresh new ideas and will explore all reasonable and practical solutions to Chugach’s energy challenges now.

Harold L. Hollis, PE is a past Chugach Electric Association board director, and is a business owner and professional engineer.

Linda Boyle: Truth is coming out about Covid origins

By LINDA BOYLE

It’s amazing to see all the articles suddenly being written about the origin of Covid-19 and how it came from the Wuhan Institute of Virology. 

For years we were told it came from the wet market, and that it had nothing to do with the lab, according to our own government and that of the Chinese government. Those poor pangolins and bats were vilified. 

If you said the virus did not come from the wet market, you were banned from several social media platforms. And you were accused of spreading misinformation, violating so-called community standards. You were called a conspiracy theorist.  

Even my social media posts back then were marked misinformation by the “fact checkers.”  The Facebook fake news trolls were looking for anyone who dared spout something other than the agreed upon government narrative.     

While the higher ups in the U.S. government or those of foreign powers continue to try and cover up the origins of Covid, the truth continues to leak out. And leak it does—only because of the persistence of some members of Congress and courageous doctors who were maligned during the “pandemic.” 

Freedom of Information requests are finally being answered. The U.S. Right to Know organization obtained documents that demonstrated American researchers had concealed the fact they wanted to conduct high-risk coronavirus research in Wuhan because the of lax safety standards. This attempt to get research funding at the Wuhan Institute of Virology occurred the year before the COVID-19 pandemic. Amazingly, a group of elite scientists with the assistance of a complicit media drove the fake narrative. 

Dr. Peter Daszak, the president of the Ecohealth Alliance, received grants from the National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases to conduct  research at the Wuhan Institute. One of the “most controversial” of Ecohealth’s work was a project titled “Understanding the Risk of Bat Coronavirus Emergence.” This research was started at the WIV in 2019 and then paused by the National Institutes of Health because of concerns of a lab leak. Daszak kept pushing NIH for months as he wanted to continue this project. 

Daszak, who has been at the center of the debate since 2020, testified to Congress in November 2023. However, Congress wanted him back for more questioning because there were some inconsistencies in his previous testimony. 

On May 1, 2024, in testimony to the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic, Daszak suggested that the intelligence community was aware of these experiments being carried out at the Wuhan Institute of Virology.  He also stated our government sent money to the WIV despite concerns and Daszak identified the institute as a lab where the Chinese government made bioweapons.  

If that weren’t enough to make you go “wow,” Daszak stated the institute has more than “15,000 samples of other coronaviruses that may belong to the US government through past taxpayer-funded research.” Add to that, Daszak said Ecohealth Alliance is still receiving a staggering $16 million a year in U.S. taxpayer cash.

Rep. Brad Wenstrup, chairman of this select subcommittee, stated “Dr. Daszak and his organization conducted dangerous gain-of-function research at the Wuhan Institute for Virology, willfully violated the terms of a multi-million-dollar NIH grant, and placed U.S. national security at risk.”

More new information has come forward and these documents confirm that Dr. Fauci lied about Covid.  Sen. Rand Paul, who is a doctor, has been on this since the pandemic started and has sparred repeatedly with Dr. Anthony Fauci, who has continued to state the National Institutes of Health had nothing to do with any gain-of-function research at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, despite what was done meeting their very own definition.  

“Newly obtained documents confirm yet again Fauci lied about COVID. Fauci’s NIH lab was a partner with Wuhan on a proposal to engineer a highly transmissible coronavirus in 2018,” Sen. Paul wrote on X/Twitter. “But he wasn’t alone, 15 government agencies knew about it and said nothing. Americans deserve answers.”  

Judicial Watch filed Freedom of Information Act request with the Federal Bureau of Investigation to determine what the agency knew and when they knew it regarding gain-of-research in China. It seems the FBI was informed in April of 2020 that this type of research might be being accomplished in China, funded by none other than Dr. Fauci’s former agency. Emails obtained about this research stated that such research could be done and “leave no signature of purposeful human manipulation.” 

The president of Judicial Watch, Tom Fitton, stated, “These smoking gun documents showed the FBI quickly understood that Fauci’s agency funded the gain-of-function research that could disguise the resulting coronavirus as ‘natural.’”

Because of earlier FIOA requests by Judicial Watch, the FBI had opened an “inquiry” into the bat coronavirus grant awarded to Wuhan Institute of Virology around May of 2020. In 2023 the FBI determined the most likely cause of the Covid-19 pandemic was an “accidental lab leak.”  

Not only was our government trying to downplay the origins of Covid, so was the Chinese government. Rather than trying to assist with determining how the virus came into being, the Chinese government continues to hide whatever truth on the origins existence by closing labs, shattering collaborations, and preventing Chinese researchers from leaving the country. The Chinese government went as far as to say the U.S. military brought the virus to China when the military games were held in Wuhan in October of 2019.  

Where does the truth lie? We may never get to it, but I’m banking on a lab leak from the Wuhan Institute of Virology, which was known to have lax safety rules. And I also bank on the fact we paid for part of that research and even gave them coronaviruses to manipulate and genetically engineer. 

What about Dr. Fauci? Did he not in 2012 argue for the gain-of-function research on viruses “to increase their potency was worth the risk, even if the work could accidentally lead to a pandemic”? He did qualify his comment to indicate his support, as long as there was significant oversight—something it doesn’t appear the Wuhan Institute of Virology was capable of doing. 

Fear can be used as a weapon. That worked well the last time round. The government knew the truth about the origin of Covid back in April of 2020. The State Department concluded Covid came from a lab.  Did they share that with us?  No they backtracked and hid its tracks.  

Jeff M. Smith, in his article for RealClearWorld, stated that the origin of Covid being in the wet markets “was always a lie; one of the most consequential lies of the 21st century.”  If truly evaluated, the lab leak theory was always more “compelling and has grown substantially more persuasive with time.” 

The truth continues to emerge.  You can’t shut it off.  You can choose not to believe it, much like the Flat Earthers did not believe the world was round. But bear in mind our government and the World Health Organization are already gearing up for the next “pandemic.” They seem to believe they can convince you of anything since they were so successful four years ago.

There are those of us who continue to roll up our sleeves, injecting an unknown “vaccine” into bodies that was never completely tested.   

U.S. Navy Captain (ret) Charlie Plumb, a Vietnam prisoner of war, talks about the eight-foot cell he lived in for years and said the restrictions weren’t there. The restrictions are the eight inches between your ears. That set him free in a horrible environment where he lived for six years.  

Most of us don’t like to be told we were wrong. We try to twist and turn the truth to match our beliefs. I can only hope to educate you and provide you with the truths currently emerging. You can decide which prison cell you want to keep in your mind. Or let yourself be free. 

Linda Boyle, RN, MSN, DM, was formerly the chief nurse for the 3rd Medical Group, JBER, and was the interim director of the Alaska VA. Most recently, she served as Director for Central Alabama VA Healthcare System. She is the director of the Alaska Covid Alliance.

  

Watch video of vandal who painted over Bronson sign

A man with a bucket of white paint and a roller brush on a long handle painted over a Bronson for Mayor sign in Spenard early in the morning on May 8. He was caught on security camera, not unlike another Bronson sign vandal who was caught recently any who has now been arrested and charged with a felony.

The sign that was defaced Wednesday was on the side of the Carousel Lounge, a popular bar on Spenard Road.

Watch below as the man then sets his brush and bucket down behind a dumpster and then, masked up, skips away, perhaps to go vote for Bronson’s leftist opponent. The incident has been reported to police.

Security video from Carousel Lounge captures the perpetrator skipping away after getting rid of the paint and roller brush.

NANA Regional Corp. flips, withdraws support for Ambler Road

The Alaska economy received a blow on Wednesday. NANA Regional Corporation, Inc. announced its board of directors’ decision to withdraw from further involvement with the Ambler Access Project.

That means that the surface access permit that is held by Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority, (AIDEA) will not be renewed this year.

“This decision reflects unmet criteria, insufficient consultation, and a lack of confidence in the project’s alignment with our values and community interests. NANA upholds a rich legacy of responsible resource development in our region, guided by a commitment to protect and advance our Iñupiat way of life. NANA established specific criteria required to consider supporting AAP [Ambler Access Project], including controlled access, protection of caribou migration routes and subsistence resources, job creation and community benefits. These criteria remain insufficiently addressed by AIDEA,” NANA said in a statement, adding that the project is not in the best interests of its Alaska Native shareholders.

The access is needed to get to a mining area that the state wants to develop to improve the economy of Northwestern Alaska.

In March, the Village of Hughes threw its support in for the project, passing a resolution that points out that it is one of the few communities that is located near the proposed road.

“This resolution acknowledges the high unemployment and expensive cost of living in the area and the potential benefits a limited-access road will enable for communities in Northwest Alaska. By backing the Ambler Road, Hughes Village recognizes the significant opportunities the project will bring, including local job creation nd lower cost of supplies,” the Village stated.

But NANA said, “We continue resisting attempts by the federal government to deny Alaska Native corporations’ control over our Indigenous owned lands and diminish our role in decision-making affecting our lands.

“Our Elders fought to retain our ancestral lands in the Upper Kobuk, emphasizing both their subsistence value and mineral resource potential. It is our responsibility to steward these lands for future generations,” said Gia Hanna, chair of the NANA board of directors. “All decisions about development on our lands need to be made by and with our people at the table. We intend to vigorously defend our right to pursue resource and infrastructure development in alignment with our values.”

“For more than 40 years NANA has successfully developed our resources alongside trusted industry partners in ways that respect our way of life and advance our region as a whole,” said John Lincoln, NANA president and CEO. “While NANA is disengaging from the AAP, we maintain our interest in future mineral development in the region that aligns with the expectations of our shareholders.”

It’s possible the only way left to get to the mining site will be to tunnel or put train tracks. The access to the site is guaranteed under federal law, and the state was promised access to its lands at Statehood. In any case, the Biden Administration unlikely to approve permits to the area that has the copper, zinc, lead, gold, silver, and cobalt deposits needed for the Biden “green energy” future.

Breaking: House Freedom Caucus endorses Nick Begich for Congress

The Freedom Caucus, the conservative group inside the Republican House Majority, came out with a stunning endorsement for Alaska’s only seat in Congress: Nick Begich III.

The caucus’ Freedom Fund made the announcement of its support of Begich as one of nine candidates around the country that it is endorsing in the 2024 election. Begich is making his second run for Congress and already has the endorsement of Congressman Byron Donalds of Florida, Congressman Scott Perry of Pennysylvania, entrepreneur Vivek Ramaswamy, and a growing list of conservatives around the country.

Added to that list are Representatives Bob Good of Virginia, Jim Jordan of Ohio, Andy Biggs of Arizona, Andy Ogles of Tennessee and about 41 Republicans altogether who are in the Freedom Caucus, whose members represent about one out of every 18 Republicans in Congress.

“Constitutional principles are the bedrock of our republic and are worth fighting for. I’m honored to have the support of HFF and to be among that group of conservative leaders who will work to ensure the American promise of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness endures for generations to come. I look forward to continuing to work hard to restore Alaska’s tradition of bold representation and to grow the Republican majority in the House.” Begich said, upon receiving the Freedom Caucus endorsement.

In addition to Begich, the other candidates endorsed today by the Freedom Caucus are:

Dave Williams (CO-05) Elsie Arntzen (MT-02) Rick Becker (ND-AL) Stewart Jones (SC-03) Adam Morgan (SC-04) Colby Jenkins (UT-02) Joe Kent (WA-03) Jerrod Sessler (WA-04). There are about a dozen other candidates who have been previously endorsed by the group, which has a political action committee, the House Freedom Fund, that will help in their races.

Begich is making his second run for Congress against the incumbent Mary Peltola, who has over $2.7 million in her war chest.

Bronson vs. LaFrance fundraising reports, and what about that illegal campaign coordination LaFrance has going with Planned Parenthood?

When it comes to balance, it’s not just about balancing out a left-wing Anchorage Assembly that seems determined to break the law and bust through the tax cap with the city’s budget.

There’s also the balance sheets in the Anchorage Municipal election runoff, which ends May 14.

The required seven-day reports filed at the Alaska Public Office Commission show that Mayor Dave Bronson’s reelection campaign has raised nearly $570,313, while Democrat-backed Suzanne LaFrance has raised $739,393.

But LaFrance has spent almost everything she has raised and has just $13,000 cash on hand, and she is nearly $84,700 in debt.

Bronson has about $134,000 cash on hand for the final six days of the campaign and has only $800 in debt.

She spent $35,000 on staff, while he has spent $8,000.

The cash and spending difference is stark, although LaFrance is getting help from the side with the major groups like Planned Parenthood, AFL-CIO, and NEA-Alaska, which are using their resources and union dues to work to take the mayor’s office. Bronson is getting nowhere near the help that LaFrance is getting from independent expenditure groups in this race.

However, LaFrance may be illegally coordinating with Planned Parenthood, which supports her. According to records, she not only attended a fundraiser put on for her by Planned Parenthood Votes Alaska on Sunday, her campaign paid money to promote the event on Facebook and elsewhere. It appears they coordinated expenditures for the event, and the candidate participated in the event. According to APOC, this is coordination between a campaign and an independent expenditure group, which is illegal.

The receipts appear to show that LaFrance, who is backed by the Alaska Democratic Party, violated the campaign law by advertising the event being put on by Planned Parenthood. The Bronson campaign was told by APOC that it was not allowed to coordinate in this way with independent expenditure groups.

Planned Parenthood event that the LaFrance campaign advertised on Facebook for the benefit of LaFrance.