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Five years, no verdict: Judge swap adds twist in Gabrielle LeDoux voter fraud case

The long-running criminal case against former Alaska State Rep. Gabrielle LeDoux has taken another unexpected turn with the reassignment of the trial judge, nearly five years after charges were first filed.

Judge Kevin Saxby, who oversaw the first trial that ended in a hung jury, has now been replaced by Judge Josie Garton, a liberal judge in the Anchorage Superior Court.

LeDoux, now 76, is facing a retrial on 12 charges related to alleged voter misconduct during the 2018 elections.

ormer Alaska Rep. Gabrielle LeDoux’s long-delayed election misconduct trial started in Anchorage in Nov. 18 and lasted seven days. The closing arguments were held Nov. 27, and the jury has had the long Thanksgiving weekend to deliberate. As of this writing, the date has yet been published for when the jury will be asked for its verdict in an election fraud case that was brought by the State of Alaska in 2020 and which has been delayed several times, but it is expected to be early this week.

LeDoux was accused by state prosecutors in 2020 of encouraging people who did not live in her district to vote for her in the 2018 primary and general elections. 

The case continued in 2021, when an Anchorage grand jury, after hearing the evidence, indicted LeDoux, Lisa (Vaught) Simpson, and Caden Vaught on multiple counts of voter misconduct in the first degree, charges stemming from an investigation that started in 2018 after the Division of Elections identified irregularities in absentee ballot applications and absentee ballots returned for the primary election. The Alaska State Troopers, in conjunction with the Federal Bureau of Investigations, were involved in the two-year investigation.

These charges include five felony counts and seven misdemeanors, including accusations that she and her associates orchestrated improper voting activities in House District 15, which is an area of North Anchorage that is now mostly in District 19 after 2020’s redistricting.

The Alaska Department of Law decided to retry the case after the first trial ended in a mistrial on Dec. 2, 2024, when Anchorage jurors failed to reach a unanimous verdict on any one of the charges.

The case has been marked by repeated delays and complications since it began in 2020. At the heart of the allegations are claims that LeDoux and her campaign team, which included her former chief of staff Lisa Simpson manipulated voter registrations and encouraged ineligible votes during the 2018 primary and general elections.

A trial-setting conference was scheduled for Feb. 3, and there have been numerous trial-setting hearings, but a new trial date has yet to be set.

LeDoux’s defense attorney Kevin Fitzgerald is trying to convince prosecutors to drop the case entirely, arguing that it has dragged on too long and lacks merit.

However, state prosecutors are reportedly moving forward with preparations for a second trial and are addressing ongoing disputes over expert testimony.

The reassignment of the case to Judge Garton may shift the legal dynamics. Garton is known for her progressive rulings, including a recent decision allowing non-physicians to perform abortions in Alaska, a decision that stirred considerable debate.

Her involvement in the LeDoux case now gives the judicial system the appearance that it will not treat election integrity with the seriousness it deserves.

The irony is that a case centered on voter fraud has now stretched into its sixth year without resolution. Despite the severity of the original charges, which if proven could have served as a deterrent for future misconduct, the prolonged timeline may instead suggest the opposite.

For now, the case remains in limbo, with no date set and a new judge at the helm. It is yet another chapter in what has become Alaska’s most drawn-out political trial in its short history.

Fairbanks Daily News-Miner under scrutiny after ‘cake for a shooting’ threat by opinion writer

A Fairbanks News-Miner opinion columnist is facing scrutiny and potential legal consequences after publishing a vitriolic social media post calling for the death of a conservative activist in Interior Alaska.

In her column in the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner targeting Borough Assembly member Barbara Haney, Rebekah McNabb, a featured opinion writer at the News-Miner, penned a column accusing Barbara Haney of being a promoter of fascism and associating her with extremist ideologies. She called for a protest at a Fairbanks Chamber of Commerce event on Tuesday, which prompted extra security to be stationed at the door of the Westmark Conference Center. In addition to the governor’s own usual security team, there were State Troopers posted at the door.

The column, which lacks substantive evidence and singles out the local elected official and sitting governor for personal vilification and claims of “fascism,” has raised questions about the judgment of the newspaper that serves Interior Alaska.

The controversy escalated sharply after it was revealed that McNabb, posting under the name “Rivka Dean” on social media, wrote a disturbing message a week ago referencing another conservative activist in Fairbanks, saying, “she’s gonna get herself shot one of these days lol I’ll have a cake when it happens.”

The post is an incitement and endorsement of violence. The woman’s social media account has since been suspended by Facebook due to going against “community standards.”

McNabb’s column had framed the planned protest as resistance to what she described as a “creeping fascism” in local politics, a claim not only inflammatory but possibly dangerous in light of her subsequent online threat. About 25-30 people showed up at her protest on Tuesday.

While opinion writing is protected by the First Amendment, statements that defame a public official and those that threaten violence may not be.

If the victim of the social media post were to pursue legal action, McNabb could be exposed to civil liability for calling for the death of someone, with the insinuation of a reward.

Activist Kelly Nash, the subject of the violent social media post, has called for a criminal investigation.

Ranked-choice voting on the table in Juneau: Reform or risk?

The Juneau Assembly is moving toward adopting ranked-choice voting for future local elections. On June 2, the Assembly unanimously voted in favor of an ordinance proposed by Assembly member Ella Adkison to implement RCV beginning in 2026. The measure will first get a public hearing and final vote scheduled in late July.

Adkison says, without evidence, that the RCV system encourages consensus-building and allows for more nuanced voter expression. The Legislature demonstrates this is false — political observers say they’ve never seen so much dysfunction as this year’s RCV crop of lawmakers. Adkison is a legislative staff member for Juneau state Sen. Jesse Kiehl, raising issues of ethics, access to voter information that citizens don’t have access to, and competing loyalties.

Juneau voters have shown support for ranked-choice voting in the past. When in 2024 a statewide referendum to repeal ranked-choice voting was on the ballot, 61% of voters in Juneau’s District 3 and 74.3% in District 4 voted against repeal. Statewide, the repeal lost by just 664 votes.

If adopted in Juneau, the capital would be the first city in Alaska to use ranked-choice voting in local races, although it would not be ready for this October’s municipal election.

Some of the most cited problems with ranked-choice voting are complexity and delay of results. Unlike traditional elections where voters select a single candidate, RCV requires voters to rank multiple candidates in order of preference. This creates confusion and may discourage participation, particularly among older voters or those less familiar with the process. In many races since it was implemented statewide, it has appeared to suppress both voter and candidate participation.

Unlike traditional elections where winners are typically known on election night, RCV elections often require several days of tabulation and multiple rounds of vote reallocation before a winner is declared. This lag can erode public confidence in the process and open the door to mistrust in election outcomes.

In RCV, ballots that do not rank all candidates may be “exhausted” during the tabulation process, meaning a voter’s ballot no longer counts in the final rounds if all their ranked candidates have been eliminated. In close races, this can result in a candidate winning with fewer total votes than were cast in the first round, undermining the perception of a “majority victory.”

Implementing RCV is not cost-neutral. Municipalities must modify voting systems, retrain poll workers, and launch extensive public education campaigns to ensure voters understand how to fill out their ballots correctly. These upfront costs can be significant, particularly in smaller jurisdictions with limited resources.

Despite these concerns, the Juneau Assembly is planning a public outreach campaign ahead of the July decision. The campaign aims to gather community feedback and educate voters on how the system works. Assembly members have emphasized the importance of public participation in shaping the final decision.

Still, the debate over ranked-choice voting is far from settled in Alaska. While Juneau voters have leaned in favor of the system, another statewide repeal effort is under way in Alaska and other states are now banning the novel and insecure method that is being rapidly adopted by liberal jurisdictions.

Priorities: Juneau Assembly approves $1 million for ‘civic center’ planning expenditures, while flood concerns remain in the valley

The Juneau Assembly has approved a formal agreement to begin design work on a new $60 million Capital Civic Center, to be built on the site of the current Juneau Arts & Culture Center — an aging National Guard Armory building.

Last month, the Assembly passed Resolution 4007, authorizing a memorandum of agreement with The Partnership, Inc., the nonprofit leading the fundraising effort for the arts and performance facility. This agreement launches the design phase of the project, which has been rebranded from its previous designation as an “arts” center. The city has pledged up to $1 million in public funds toward a $5 million budget, just for the construction plans.

The decision comes less than a year after catastrophic flooding caused by a glacial dam outburst from Suicide Basin destroyed homes and infrastructure in the Mendenhall Valley. Scientists warn that such flooding may become more frequent due to continued glacial melting. Still, the Assembly is moving forward with a project that voters have historically not prioritized. In response, city leaders rebranded the project as a “civic center” in an attempt to make it more appealing to taxpayers, who will ultimately bear the cost of construction and operations.

The arts center project has long been championed by local arts advocates and big-government supporters, including Bruce Botelho, a former mayor who in many ways acts as a shadow mayor in Juneau. The advocates view the venue as a cultural anchor and a potential tourism draw for downtown Juneau.

The newly approved spending documents outline the roles and responsibilities of both the city and The Partnership. Under the agreement, The Partnership must provide updated operational business plans, a life cycle cost analysis, and conduct value engineering reviews to inform Assembly decisions as the project progresses.

The Partnership, Inc. (EIN 46-4451460), is a nonprofit made up of local activists in arts, business, and tourism. It has secured some of the funding for the design phase from private donors. Juneau musician Bob Banghart serves as executive director and point person for the Capital Civic Center, coordinating efforts with groups such as the Juneau Arts & Humanities Council, Travel Juneau, and the Juneau Chamber of Commerce. Local firm NorthWind Architects has been selected to lead the design work.

While planning for the arts-civic center is now accelerating, some Mendenhall Valley residents are still waiting to see whether mitigation efforts along the Mendenhall River will protect their homes and businesses from this year’s flood season. The flooding disasters of 2023 and 2024 displaced families, damaged property, and overwhelmed drainage systems. In response, large Hesco barriers are being installed along vulnerable sections of the riverbank. But whether they will work this year is still a big unknown.

Despite the ongoing threat posed by the glacier-fed Suicide Basin during the warmer months, city leaders have chosen to prioritize arts and culture spending. For now, the rebranded civic center project moves forward, with schematic design work expected to continue through 2025. Residents can follow project updates at NorthWind Architects’ downtown office, located at 125 Seward Street.

Sean Boily of NorthWind Architects defended the project that his company will benefit greatly from. On Facebook, he wrote, “yah we need more hotel and housing and providing support for homes built (without foresight) in a flood area. We need to do this concurrently … stop trying to block city commitments to development of that type down town – that’s where visitors and seasonal employees want to be.”

His complete post in response to a Juneau doubter was:

“This will be a City owned asset at the end of the day, and largely NOT paid for by you. The arts council has proven it can operate the Centennial Hall facility more efficiently than the CBJ ever could, so we have a good operator that will keep operations out of the red. The Partnership is a nonprofit development arm of the arts council and community supporters for this project. In the last decade they have pulled together more than half of the funding for this facility, which is on track to be THE LARGEST philanthropically funded project with the least government support in Alaska. CBJs $1m plus access to the property to do it is pretty tiny investment in expanding capacity of Centennial Hall. This does have support from our visitor industry – they use the current facility, see it aging out, and see benefit in expansion. We also have new neighbors to accommodate: the future expanded USCG base next door. We are providing infrastructure capacity with this facility. 2) yah we need more hotel and housing and providing support for homes built (without foresight) in a flood area. We need to do this concurrently. It ALL gives people a reason to live here. And in part because of this vision there are developers starting to look more seriously at Juneau in the hotel/housing world. Read some assembly packets, attend some meetings, stop trying to block city commitments to development of that type down town – that’s where visitors and seasonal employees want to be. 3) I see people keep misconstruing costs of “design”, clearly having no clue what that means. That is all planning, engineering (mechanical, electrical, structural, civil, environmental, energy, fire protection) plus acoustical, lighting, architectural, parking, landscape, theater, estimating etc. – three years of design and construction administration services, that’s mostly by a few dozen LOCAL professionals who also pay taxes here. Then on top of that will be scores of people in the construction trades to build. This, compounded with other projects on the boards, makes an economically strong community for a long time to come.

“We should have gotten this done a decade ago when it would have cost half as much. Too much resistance to support then, this has negatory affected the perception of outside developers considering investment here now,” he continued. “Are you all just banking on a state or federal handout to enhance our town assets? Not likely to happen without some local commitment like this.”

Mendenhall River flood, 2024

There is no transparency at this point on the cost to taxpayers for building or maintaining the palace to the arts.

Meanwhile, a citizens’ group monitoring and advising on the flood risks in the Mendenhall Valley will have its next meeting at 6 pm, June 18 at Chapel by the Lake, next to Auke Lake. Attending will be Congressman Nick Begich III’s state director Rick Whitbeck.

Anchorage Assembly members propose ordinance to penalize unauthorized squatters on public property

Three members of the Anchorage Assembly will on Tuesday introduce a new ordinance that would reinstate criminal penalties for unauthorized camping on public property. The effort is meant to address the lawless criminal encampments that have overtaken much of the city.

The proposal, sponsored by Assembly Members Keith McCormick (South Anchorage, Girdwood), Scott Myers, and Jared Goecker (both representing Chugiak, Eagle River, and Birchwood), would amend sections of the Anchorage Municipal Code to classify unlawful camping on public premises as a class B misdemeanor. The ordinance also includes enforcement protocols that aim to comply with recent court rulings, including the US Supreme Court’s decision in City of Grants Pass v. Johnson, which gives localities the authority to police and abate these encampments.

In 2024, the Assembly debated two previous ordinances that attempted to reintroduce criminal penalties for squatting on public land. One of those ordinances, AO 2024-26, had its criminal provisions stripped before the final version (AO 2024-26(S)) was adopted. Another proposal, AO 2024-39, which retained those penalties, was postponed indefinitely despite strong public testimony in favor of enforcement options beyond simple abatement.

Since then, the municipality has had to rely solely on abatement measures outlined in Title 15 of the code to address illegal encampments, a process that has proven slow and ineffective at reducing the spread of camps in children’s parks, trails, greenbelts, along waterways, and in parking lots and other public spaces.

The ordinance directly addresses the gaps left behind by previous legislative efforts and provides law enforcement with a tool, used successfully in other cities like Tacoma, to help restore public safety and the shared use of our public spaces.

Davis Park in the Mountain View neighborhood has been a frequent site for dozens of encampments that can grow elaborate into multi-story structures. Chester Creek, Ship Creek, Campbell Creek greenbelts, Third and Ingra, and Spenard are also locations of notable encampments, some that feature things like like stolen outhouses and generators.

Modeled after Tacoma’s 2022 “Use of Public Property” ordinance, the Anchorage proposal would apply to individuals who knowingly camp or store personal belongings on public land, and violations would be charged as misdemeanors. The ordinance also includes provisions designed to align with a legal framework established by federal courts, which have emphasized that cities must ensure adequate shelter options before enforcing anti-camping laws.

A year ago, the Assembly’s homelessness chairman Felix Rivera said no such ordinance would ever pass.

“It is important to note that the ruling addresses the criminalization and prosecution of people sleeping in public space. It has never been the practice or policy of the Municipality to actively prosecute people experiencing homelessness for the simple act of camping in public,” Rivera said at the time. “Most recently, this April, the Assembly indefinitely postponed AO 2024-39, an ordinance proposed by the Bronson Administration which would have amended Title 8 to criminally penalize public camping.”

Rivera said “Today, the Municipality has all the tools we need to humanely address life, health, and safety in our community. Abatement is only one of the many tools and the Assembly approved AO 2024-55(S), As Amended, revising the regulations that prioritize abatement just last month.”

Rivera’s opposition to the ordinance last year may indicate that this year’s effort will also fail to pass the Assembly and that the vagrant camps will simply be moved around through periodic abatement efforts.

Although the ordinance will be introduced at Tuesday’s regular meeting, public comment will not be taken until June 24, at the earliest, before the measure can proceed to a vote from the entire 12-member Assembly.

The meeting is in the Assembly Chambers at the Loussac Library, 3600 Denali, Room 108. starting at around 5 pm. The complete agenda is at this link.

Live Streaming and Archived meetings/Podcasts at http://www.muni.org/watchnow

Live Streaming available on Youtube at https://www.youtube.com/@moameetings 

Anchorage Assembly may sue State of Alaska for not treating mentally ill, homeless Alaskans

The Anchorage Assembly will consider a resolution to be introduced during Tuesday’s meeting by Assemblyman George Martinez that would have the city attorney explore the possibility of suing the State of Alaska over its handling of homelessness and behavioral health services.

The resolution highlights a public health and safety crisis in Anchorage, which Martinez blames on the State’s failure to provide adequate behavioral health services, as required by Article VII, Section 4 of the Alaska Constitution. Martinez, formerly with Occupy Wall Street and other leftist activities in New York City, asserts that the State has not maintained an effective behavioral health system, particularly in rural areas, resulting in widespread deficiencies in mental health and substance use treatment.

Anchorage has become a hub for behavioral health crisis response, his resolution says. The city bears a disproportionate burden managing issues such as homelessness and untreated mental illness that stem from statewide service gaps. Rural communities send their misfits to Anchorage, where they line the streets, doorways, and green belts, as they cope with their mental health, criminal habits, and illegal drug issues.

The Martinez resolution outlines some of the economic and social impacts on Anchorage, including strain on public safety resources, increased costs for businesses, reduced tourism and hospitality revenue, and challenges in workforce recruitment. He also notes that Anchorage spends between $6 million and $10 million annually on emergency shelters, encampment abatement, and related services.

Behavioral health concerns account for about 20% of police activity, more than 15,000 EMS calls annually, and over 400 monthly Mobile Crisis Team calls, services that lack consistent state funding, the resolution says.

The resolution formally calls it a crisis and a sustained public health and safety issue caused by State of Alaska failures, and says Anchorage shoulders an unfair share of related costs and burdens. It directs the Municipal Attorney to explore legal remedies against the State, including tort claims, reimbursement for unfunded mandates, public nuisance actions, and claims of constitutional violations. The Municipal Attorney would be required to report findings and legal strategies within 90 days.

Additionally, the resolution encourages collaboration with other municipalities, Tribal governments, and stakeholders to advocate for statewide accountability.

If passed, the resolution will take effect immediately, triggering a potential legal challenge against the State to hold it accountable for its constitutional obligations and to address the city’s disproportionate burden related to homelessness and mental illness.

Martinez and other Marxist members of the Anchorage Assembly sabotaged former Mayor Dave Bronson’s proposed navigation center, where people who were having life crisis issues could get the specific help they needed, whether it was temporary housing, drug rehabilitation, or mental health services. The Assembly, which has been taken over by Democrats and socialists, is now the “dog that caught the car,” but is planning to push the responsibility to the Dunleavy Administration.

Resolution No. AR 2025-191 directs the Municipal Attorney to explore all legal remedies against the State of Alaska and other entities it holds responsible for the Anchorage homelessness and mental health crisis.

Additionally, Resolution No. AR 2025-192 urges the Anchorage Administration and Health Department to create a targeted strategy to support unsheltered individuals with untreated serious mental illness or behavioral health conditions. It emphasizes collaboration with partners to develop health-based interventions and establish stabilization facilities, aiming to provide compassionate, health-focused solutions rather than relying solely on law enforcement or emergency services.

The meeting is in the Assembly Chambers at the Loussac Library, 3600 Denali, Room 108. starting at around 5 pm.

Live Streaming and Archived meetings/Podcasts at http://www.muni.org/watchnow

Live Streaming available on Youtube at https://www.youtube.com/@moameetings 

Video: Socialist protesters rehearse for Saturday with Anchorage jail demonstration

A hasty protest organized by the Anchorage branch of the Party for Socialism and Liberation erupted Monday afternoon outside the Anchorage Correctional Complex, where 40 illegal immigrants are currently being detained ahead of deportation proceedings.

Roughly 60 protesters assembled in front of the facility, carrying signs with slogans such as “No Kings,” a rainbow umbrella with the numbers “86 47,” which is code calling for the assassination of President Trump, and waving a Mexican flag as they marched toward the secure loading entrance at the jail. They chanted, “No KKK, No fascist USA”

The demonstration was called with little notice, but quickly drew a law enforcement response, including officers from the Anchorage Police Department, correctional staff, and other uniformed personnel. Protesters were met with a firm show of force, as officers blocked access to jail property and prevented any breach of the secure area.

The detainees in question were flown into Alaska on Sunday and are being temporarily held at the state-run facility while federal immigration authorities process their deportation orders. Many of the demonstrators voiced opposition to what they described as inhumane deportation practices and accused authorities of other offenses.

Protesters head for the Anchorage Correctional Complex on Monday.

Although no arrests were reported and the protest remained largely nonviolent, tensions were visible as officers formed a barrier between the protestors and the jail infrastructure. Chants and speeches lasted for an hour before the group dispersed.

This protest appears to be a preview of a larger coordinated action planned for this Saturday, under the banner of “No Kings” — a nationwide protest movement with a broad range of grievances, from immigration policy to criminal justice reform to opposition to what organizers describe as “authoritarian governance.”

Police and state correctional officers were ready for the protesters.

The Department of Corrections did not issue a formal statement about the protest but it appears operations at the correctional complex were not interrupted.

The Party for Socialism and Liberation has not disclosed whether more spontaneous protests will occur in the days leading up to the national day of action on Saturday, when riots are expected across the Democrat Party strongholds.

Forty detainees sent to Alaska prior to deportation, protest called by socialists

Recent roundups of illegal immigrants in major cities across the country had led to the question: Where are the detainees going to be housed — temporarily or otherwise?

The process of arresting them is one thing, but the Immigration and Customs Enforcement isn’t going to put ankle monitors on violent gang members and career criminals and let them back out on the streets.

The process involves transferring detained criminals to various facilities, with the main focus on states like Texas and Louisiana, which together house about half of the roughly 50,000 ICE detainees as of mid-2025.

Some detainees are going to unconventional locations, such as a Space Force base in Colorado and the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, where facilities are being converted for immigration detention.

Alaska is one of those places.

Some 40 detainees are now being housed in the Anchorage Correctional Complex until they can be processed and, if appropriate, deported. The State of Alaska has made a deal with Immigration and Customs Enforcement to take the 40-or-so men, as part of a contract the state already had.

The plane with the detainees was a Coast Guard flight that landed in Anchorage on Sunday, sources said.

Nationwide, ICE facilities are straining at about a 109% capacity.

A major protest has been called by the Party for Socialism and Liberation for the Anchorage Correctional Complex, per this announcement:

Send in the Marines

Approximately 700 US Marines have been deployed to Los Angeles to support the California National Guard as it responds to the riots spreading throughout the county and its cities.

The Marines are primarily from Twentynine Palms, and their job is to secure and protect federal property and personnel. They are not involved with law enforcement activities, unless they are being directly attack or unless President Trump invokes the Insurrection Act.

The deployment comes one day after President Trump federalized 2,000 National Guard troops, following the inaction by Gov. Gavin Newsom and Mayor Karen Bass to stop the riots.

Newsom has criticized the move as unlawful and inflammatory, and he has already filed a lawsuit against Trump for federalizing the US National Guard in California.

Today, the California National Guard were stationed in front of the Veterans Administration hospital in Los Angeles, where violent protesters had set dumpsters on fire. This is a job that could be performed by the Marines.

California National Guard protect the VA hospital in Los Angeles from violent rioters on June 8, 2025.

The use of Marines is not without precedent. In the early 1920s, organized crime was rampant, and gangsters frequently targeted mail deliveries in search of cash. Between 1920 and 1921 alone, there were 36 armed mail robberies, resulting in the theft of more than $6 million in goods and currency, equivalent to over $86 million today.

At the time, the US Postal Service had fewer than 500 inspectors to protect nearly 250,000 miles of railway mail routes, an impossible task given the scale of the threat.

Recognizing the urgency of the situation, Postmaster General Will H. Hays appealed for federal assistance. In response, President Warren G. Harding dispatched Marines to safeguard the nation’s mail.

The initial Marine mail guard force deployed in 1921 included more than 50 officers and 2,000 enlisted men, strategically stationed at high-risk locations across the country. Secretary of the Navy Edwin Denby—himself a former Marine who served in World War I—issued firm orders: Marines were to shoot to kill if attacked. “When our men go as guards over the mail,” Denby declared, “that mail must be delivered, or there must be a Marine dead at the post of duty.”

The impact was immediate. Armed mail robberies came to a sudden halt, and by the end of the year, attacks on post offices, mail trains, and carriers had virtually disappeared. The first deployment of Marine mail guards concluded in March 1922. For the next couple of years, mail theft remained largely under control.

In 1992, following the acquittal of police officers in the Rodney King case in Los Angeles, Marines from Camp Pendleton were deployed to support the California National Guard in restoring order during widespread rioting, looting, and violence. They secured federal property and assisted in calming the situation that was spiraling out of control.

Such domestic deployments typically operate under strict guidelines of the Posse Comitatus Act, which limits military involvement in civilian law enforcement unless authorized by the president through, for example, the Insurrection Act. Marines often focus on securing federal assets or providing logistical support in these scenarios and do not have direct law enforcement duties.