On June 30, 1958, the United States Senate cast a vote that would reshape the map of America.
After six days of debate, and by a tally of 64 in favor, 20 against, and 12 not voting, the Senate passed the Alaska Statehood Act (H.R. 7999), setting the 49th state on a path to officially join the Union, and sending the act to President Dwight D. Eisenhower for his signature.
This milestone moment was the culmination of years of effort by Alaskans to gain full representation in Congress and self-governance equal to that of the states.
The vote marked a turning point for Alaska and the nation as a whole, ushering in a new era of geographic, political, and economic expansion.
Alaska, purchased from Russia in 1867, had long been viewed by many in the Lower 48 as remote, rugged, and sparsely populated, better suited for military installations and natural resource extraction than full-fledged statehood.
Many Alaskans saw it differently. For years, territorial leaders and activists lobbied Washington, DC for equal footing. They pointed to Alaska’s contributions during World War II, its strategic military importance during the Cold War, and the growing economic potential in oil, fishing, and mining. Among the prominent proponents were Sen. Bob Bartlett, Gov.-Sen. Ernest Gruening, and Ted Stevens. Less supportive was territorial Gov. Benjamin Franklin Heintzleman (governor, 1953–1957), who had proposed a partition plan to divide Alaska, creating a state from Southeast, Southcentral, and Interior Alaska, but leaving Western and Arctic Alaska as a territory.
President Eisenhower was a proponent. But in the Senate, some members were not in favor. The 20 “nay” votes came primarily from Southern Democrats who were leery of Alaska’s strong labor union power and progressive streak, and three conservative Republicans who didn’t think Alaska could stand on its own two feet.
The following senators are identified as having voted “Nay” on the Alaska Statehood Act:
- James Eastland (D-MS)
- J. William Fulbright (D-AR)
- Sam Ervin (D-NC)
- Olin Johnston (D-SC)
- John Stennis (D-MS)
- Herman Talmadge (D-GA)
- George Smathers (D-FL)
- John Sparkman (D-AL)
- Richard Russell (D-GA)
- Allen Ellender (D-LA)
- Russell Long (D-LA)
- Spessard Holland (D-FL)
- John McClellan (D-AR)
- Willis Robertson (D-VA)
- Harry Byrd (D-VA)
- A. S. Mike Monroney (D-OK)
- Strom Thurmond (D-SC) – Notably vocal, citing concerns about Alaska’s noncontiguous status diluting the Union’s strength.
- Barry Goldwater (R-AZ) – Opposed Alaska statehood due to economic concerns and skepticism about Alaska’s readiness.
- John Bricker (R-OH) – Shared concerns about the precedent of admitting noncontiguous territories.
- William Jenner (R-IN) – Opposed on similar grounds, questioned Alaska’s economic viability.
The 20 senators reflect the opposition that was driven by regional political dynamics (Southern Democrats feared a shift in Senate balance) and conservative concerns about Alaska’s economic immaturity.
Following the Senate vote, the Alaska Statehood Act was signed into law by President Eisenhower on July 7, 1958. Alaskans later ratified the statehood proposal through a public vote, and on Jan. 3, 1959, Alaska officially became the 49th state of the United States.
Today, the June 30 Senate vote is remembered as a landmark moment in Alaska history, a legislative triumph that overcame resistance rooted in partisanship, regionalism, and outdated perceptions.