By J.H. SNIDER
Once per decade — next on Nov. 8 — Alaska’s constitution grants the people the right to call a constitutional convention via a statewide referendum. Alaska’s Framers placed this automatic referendum on the ballot to prevent the Legislature from having monopoly power over initiating constitutional amendment. The process they created grants the people three votes: First, whether to call a convention. Second, if called, to elect delegates to the convention. Third, whether to approve the convention’s proposals.
Alaska’s framers understood that the process of ordinary and higher lawmaking should be different. After all, if they were the same, there would be no point in having a written constitution. Higher lawmaking requires a different process because the legislature has a conflict of interest when initiating, proposing, and ratifying fundamental laws concerning its own powers. Just as foxes shouldn’t be placed in charge of guarding a henhouse, government officials created by a constitution shouldn’t be placed in charge of amending it. As the drafter of Alaska’s periodic convention referendum put it: “[T]he constitution should not be at the mercy of future state legislatures.”
Each vote was to prevent the foxes from controlling one of the three critical stages of the constitution-making process: the first where the people initiate the process via referendum, the second where the people elect a convention separate from the legislature to propose constitutional changes, and the third where the people ratify or reject each proposed change.
Convention opponents are correct that bypassing the Legislature in constitution-making costs a premium because a Legislature already exists whereas a convention must be created from scratch. But the framers believed that this additional expense could be an investment, not merely a cost, because of the valuable benefits empowering the people could bring to constitution making.
The framers also believed that a convention needed the same unlimited constitutional proposal power as the Legislature because allowing the Legislature to limit a convention’s proposals would be granting the fox control over the henhouse. In other words, unlimited agenda setting power for a convention wasn’t a Pandora’s Box; it was the prime benefit of the convention process.
Unlimited agenda setting power also didn’t mean unaccountable, as the framers granted the people ratification power over any constitutional amendment proposed by either legislature or convention.
New Hampshire illustrates the type of process the framers had in mind. New Hampshire, the “live free or die state,” has politically much in common with Alaska, including placing a convention referendum on the ballot every ten years. Unlike Alaska, it has held seventeen conventions, including 10 in the 20th century. Yet it has the second oldest constitution in the world because it has used the process to amend rather than rewrite its constitution.
Convention opponents are spending more than a million dollars making absurd claims that a convention “is a Pandora’s Box pure and simple” and that one would “cost at least $17 million dollars.” The Pandora’s Box claim is a direct attack on the framers’ wisdom in putting the periodic referendum in Alaska’s constitution to function as Alaska’s only constitutional legislative bypass mechanism.
Alaska’s last convention in 1955-6 spent less than $300,000, about $3 million in today’s dollars. And that was for a statehood convention designed to create a constitution from scratch, not merely to propose popular amendments the legislature won’t pass, such as codifying the Permanent Fund Dividend. Alaska’s government currently spends some $12.7 billion a year and $127 billion over a ten-year stretch. A convention’s cost is merely a rounding error on that amount. If Alaskans, like other Americans, believe their state government wastes at least 30% of every dollar spent, the economic return on a convention that reduces that waste by a mere 1% would be more than 100:1.
The convention process has three natural enemies. First, incumbent legislators because a convention takes power from them. Second, Alaska’s most powerful special interest groups because, by definition, they excel at influencing the Legislature and recognize that a convention could be a Pandora’s Box for their interests. Third, any group that prefers using the courts rather than the legislature or a convention, to pursue its agenda.
Alas, many secondary interest groups depend on these natural enemies for political support, which includes trading convention opposition for support of their organization’s core lobbying mission.
What these four bipartisan groups have in common is that they are political insiders who, in certain relatively rare circumstances, have perverse incentives to form a political cartel averse to the people’s interests.
The most famous such cartel in American politics concerns legislative gerrymandering. Alaska’s framers understood the risk of such a cartel regarding opposition to bypassing the legislature, which is why they created the automatic periodic convention referendum.
• J.H. Snider edits The Alaska State Constitutional Convention Clearinghouse and writes about democratic reform problems.
Why? Simple. We the people no longer have any faith in the people who rule instead of govern this state.
The three branches of government are corrupt with zero accountability. Our politicians don’t even bother to lie anymore.
That’s why.
Right on!
Amen. The most corrupt among them being the judiciary. Let’s do this.
The current crop of legislators are already bought and paid for. Special interest groups have no desire to deal with a bunch of delegates that are not career politicians, people they might not be able to buy, common folks who hold the interest of their neighbors over that of the rich, the corporations with big money.
Imagine the horror, dealing with unbuyable delegates. Cue the fear mongering, the best that money can buy.
Here is something: Legislators are not (supposed) to have a LOT of subject matter jurisdiction. Where they have actual subject matter (sale of alcohol for instance) they make policy. They can’t tamper with rights.
Excellent, well written piece. Thanks for running this! I agree wholeheartedly. One area of gross public money waste is the end of fiscal year spending sprees agency budget managers must contend with. “Spend it or lose it for next fiscal” is a wasteful travesty that a constitutional convention could remedy. You couldn’t run a business or family household budget that way for long. And our current “representatives” from the Governor down don’t seem to care one bit about fixing the problem. The vast majority of State employees agree it’s a stupid way to run a budget and are severely restricted (termination) from discussing budgetary change with their legislative reps, even if they’d listen. Why? “It’s above your pay grade, it’s the way we’ve always done it and that ship is too big to change course”. Try to change the system and find an administrative target on your back. Truth. Let’s convention!!!
the special interests are afraid that a formula for PFD payouts will be protected by a change in the constitution. Kinda like a burglar wailing against better locks. Whats a thief to do?
Is “policy” the same thing as the “law”? If, yes, then why are the words spelled differently and mean different things? Why don’t people know this? Supposedly, we are educated; yes?
Figure it out.
Even if the convention is called, it will take years to assemble the delegates, years to propose and debate amendments, more years and years to implement them…by that time, most of you will have moved on to some other shiny new toy LOL…
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