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Another Option for Eagle River: Annex Now to Mat-Su

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By Ken McCarty

There is a very old saying: “A person is foolish who gives pearls to swine.” The implications and application are to avoid giving time, energy, and wisdom to those who do not appreciate or value what is given. Anchorage has acted as one who has not appreciated the pearls of the people, values, and desires of Chugiak / Eagle River (CER). Today, this is more prevalent as Anchorage ignores the CER Comprehensive plan, community councils, Service Areas, and the general voice of the people.

Over the decades, the people of CER have had a strong relationship with the Mat-Su Borough in the support and development of CER. In the ‘50’s and ‘60’s when CER sought for electricity and phone services, it was Mat-Su who came through with MEA and MTA. When resources were sought, it was often Mat-Su who supplied them on the Palmer Hwy, which later became known as the Old Glenn. When CER reflects on its values of life, opportunity, and government, it is with kindred spirit of Mat-Su, not Anchorage.

Throughout the years there has been discussion of detaching from Anchorage. In 1974, a positive vote of the people of CER occurred to detach, but the outcome was overturned by the Alaska Supreme Court in 1975. For the past decade, there have been discussions to detach, but they have been unfulfilled. Despite Eaglexit’s best efforts, including its recent pursual of an informal technical review by LBC, the home rule borough solution faces formidable obstacles and may never come to fruition. Continued concern is that Anchorage is out of control and is taking down communities like CER, which means we need to act now to detach. Annex Now offers an alternative.

In 2024, a new concept called Annex Now to Mat-Su began to be developed. Despite Eaglexit’s best efforts, including its recent pursual of an informal technical review by LBC, the home rule borough solution faces formidable obstacles and may never come to fruition. Annex Now is an organized, unincorporated, grass roots entity of people in Chugiak Eagle River.

In the past year and a half several preliminary discussion meetings occurred, and general announcements were given at the Mat-Su assembly. In May 2025, a 540-page preliminary proposal was submitted to the State Local Boundary Commission, and feedback was returned to the Annex Now group in July. A key question was “What does Mat-Su say about the idea?” On Tuesday, December 16, the Mat-Su Borough Assembly will hear and vote on a resolution to pursue the Annex Now to Mat-Su. Once the Resolution is passed, the process to detach from Anchorage and be annexed to Mat-Su can happen very quickly.

There are many reasons to consider annexing to Mat-Su. First, the State Supreme Court overturned the decision to detach by forming a new, independent Borough as unconstitutional. Second, the concept of detaching from one Borough to be part of another is a viable option by the Local Boundary Commission. Third, annexation to Mat-Su is aligning with a borough proven to be fiscally functional and respectful of resident-respected governance. In addition, it has a well-established and State-recognized effective education system. Fourth, annexation would have economic benefits to all residents of Mat-Su and CER in the form of lower taxes, service fees, permits, and property taxes. In addition, annexation would provide economic stimulus that would be invested in logistic benefits of roads, rail, and jobs rather than tax money going to Anchorage’s failed homeless programs.

Annex Now provides the opportunity of a viable and realistic detachment from Anchorage. On December 16, the Mat-Su Assembly will consider the resolution to pursue interest in the annexation discussion and give notice to the LBC of such investment to the process. If this option is pursued, the final vote will be cast by the people of Mat-Su and CER. Anchorage will not get a vote. Mat-Su residents who approve of annexing CER can attend the Regular Assembly Meeting on December 16 and tell the Mat-Su Assembly that now is the time for the pearls of CER to be honored.

Trump Revamps Childhood Vaccine Policy

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President Donald J. Trump has initiated a significant overhaul of the United States’ childhood vaccination policies, signing a presidential memorandum on December 5, 2025, to align core recommendations with best practices from peer developed countries. This directive comes amid growing concerns over what the administration views as an overly aggressive U.S. vaccine schedule, which currently mandates immunizations against 18 diseases, including COVID-19, for all children.

The memorandum instructs Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Director to thoroughly review international standards and the underlying scientific evidence. If foreign practices—such as those in Denmark (10 diseases), Japan (14), or Germany (15)—are deemed superior, U.S. guidelines will be updated accordingly, while ensuring continued access to existing vaccines. Notable differences include the U.S. routine hepatitis B shot for newborns, which is not standard in most developed nations unless the mother tests positive, and annual flu vaccines starting at six months, often not universally recommended elsewhere.

This move aligns with Trump’s “Make America Healthy Again” (MAHA) agenda, launched earlier in 2025 with an executive order establishing a commission to probe childhood chronic diseases. The administration has already ended blanket COVID-19 vaccine recommendations for children, shifting to individualized clinical decisions. In September, the MAHA Commission unveiled a strategy with over 120 initiatives to combat what it calls a “childhood chronic disease epidemic.”

Trump hailed the initiative on social media, stating, “I am fully confident Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., and the CDC, will get this done, quickly and correctly, for our Nation’s Children.” Kennedy, responded enthusiastically, posting, “Thank you, Mr. President. We’re on it.”

As the review unfolds, experts anticipate potential reductions in recommended shots, marking a pivotal shift in U.S. public health strategy under Trump’s second term. The memorandum underscores a commitment to “the best, scientifically-supported medical advice in the world,” but its outcomes could reshape vaccination norms for generations.

From Lourdes to the White House: Timeless Reverence for the Immaculate Conception

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On this December 8, 2025, as Catholics worldwide celebrate the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, the story of Lourdes, France, stands as a beacon of faith and miraculous healing, intertwining divine messages with historical and modern acknowledgments.

The history traces back to 1858, when 14-year-old Bernadette Soubirous, a humble shepherdess from a poor family, witnessed 18 apparitions of a “beautiful lady” at the Massabielle grotto. Bernadette entered ecstasies during these visions, which drew crowds despite initial skepticism from local clergy, including parish priest M. Peyramale. The lady revealed a hidden spring, instructing Bernadette to drink from it and urging priests to build a chapel and organize processions. On March 25, the apparition identified herself as “the Immaculate Conception,” affirming a profound message of penance, prayer, and healing. By 1862, the local bishop validated the events, leading to the construction of basilicas that now attract millions of pilgrims annually, with thousands of documented cures at the sanctuary’s medical bureau.

This revelation echoed the Vatican’s formal proclamation just four years earlier. In his 1854 encyclical Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX defined the dogma: “We declare, pronounce, and define that the doctrine which holds that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God… was preserved free from all stain of original sin.” The key message, drawing on Scripture, Tradition, and Church Fathers for unity and devotion, emphasized God’s gift of unique holiness to Mary, preparing her to be the Mother of God.

Tying this legacy to contemporary America, President Donald J. Trump’s 2025 presidential message honors Mary, who brought the Savior into the world. Highlighting Mary’s humble acceptance— “Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord. May it be done to me according to your word” —Trump notes her influence from the Revolutionary War era to modern peace prayers. Trump also honors numerous Catholics who had lasting impacts on American history, medicine, and art.

The Lourdes apparitions validate the Immaculate Conception dogma, proclaimed by Pius IX, fostering global pilgrimage and healing, and now echoed in Trump’s call for faith-inspired peace. This underscores Mary’s intercessory power and promotes humility, peace, and unity, reminding us of the divine grace of God who sent His Son Jesus to die on the cross for the salvation of the world.

Alaska’s Permanent Fund: The Great Debate Part XI

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The People of Alaska vs. The Legislature

By Michael Tavoliero

As economic uncertainty hurts Alaskans, every household must document their historic reliance on the Permanent Fund Dividend (PFD). Start this today. Catalogue how your family used the PFD over 34 years and send it to Must Read Alaska.  

The legislature stopped treating Alaskans as beneficiaries of a public trust in 2016, when Governor Walker started treating the PFD as a discretionary government appropriation. Without protest or legal challenge, the PFD will likely disappear.  

One avenue of challenge is Alaska’s public-trust doctrine, whereby resource wealth is held in trust for the people and the legislature acts as trustee, not “owner.” In this way, the Permanent Fund acts as the trust’s corpus, and the PFD is Alaskans’ share of its earnings—just as the people were told it would be.  

This is why diverting PFD earmarked funds into general revenue is morally and legally wrong.  In State v. Weiss (1985) and Weiss v. State (1997), the Alaska Supreme Court held that when the State manages assets for beneficiaries, it must preserve the corpus, use it only for the beneficiaries’ benefit, and restore diverted assets. Treating PFD and inflation proofing mandates as discretionary appropriations violates a fiduciary duty.  

Wielechowski v. State (2017) did not decide who effectively “owns” Permanent Fund earnings or whether the PFD constitutes a right for all Alaskans as beneficiaries of a trust; it held only that the dividend must be funded through typical appropriation channels. The Court expressly declined to rule on the ownership issue or trust status of the PFD. Thus, Wielechowski did not redefine the fundamental purpose of the Fund, or Alaskan’s legal right to the PFD.    

From 1982 to 2016, the legislature’s long, open, and continuous administration of the PFD using a single formula (which still exists) created settled public reliance. Alaska courts recognize that where government conduct is sustained, unambiguous, and consistently affirmed, citizens develop a legitimate reliance interest. This is what Alaskans need to document. Under the doctrine of equitable estoppel, the State is prevented from reversing course whenever:  

  1. The State took a prior position or course of conduct; 
  1. Citizens reasonably relied on that conduct; 
  1. That reliance was substantial; and 
  1. Injustice would result if the State were permitted to repudiate it. 

Municipality of Anchorage v. Schneider, 685 P.2d 94, 96 (Alaska 1984). 

Simply put, here is how case law can be applied to the PFD 

Estoppel Element Application to PFD 
Legislative Conduct Four decades of formula-based PFD distribution, publicly affirmed and institutionally administered. 
Our Reliance Alaskans incorporated the PFD into household budgeting, education planning, retirement strategy, and local economies. 
Reasonableness Reliance was encouraged by the State’s repeated statements and action treating the PFD as a consistent benefit of citizenship. 
Injustice Recharacterizing beneficiary income as government revenue transfers wealth from beneficiaries to trustee; a classic breach of fiduciary obligation. 

The State may adjust distribution mechanisms for more effective administration, but it may not: 

  1. Recharacterize Permanent Fund earnings as general revenue, or 
  1. Convert the Dividend from beneficiary entitlement into discretionary appropriation, 

without breaching its fiduciary duties under Article VIII and Article IX. 

The breach occurs in 2016, when the legislature stopped following the statutory PFD formula and began treating the Earnings Reserve Account as general revenue for discretionary spending, thus abandoning the distinction between its role as trustee of resource-derived wealth and its role as operator of government. 

Read together, several Alaskan cases form a coherent legal strategy to establish the PFD as a trust obligation rather than general fund revenue: reliance (Schneider), fiduciary trust (Weiss I & II), and appropriation procedure (Wielechowski).  

First, Municipality of Anchorage v. Schneider, 685 P.2d 94 (Alaska 1984), holds that the State may not foster long-term public reliance and then repudiate that conduct where it would cause manifest injustice. From 1982 to 2016, Alaskans relied on the PFD to structure their household finances.  

Second, the Mental Health Trust cases—State v. Weiss, 706 P.2d 681 (Alaska 1985), and Weiss v. State, 939 P.2d 380 (Alaska 1997)—hold that when the State holds property in trust for a defined beneficiary class, it owes full fiduciary duties. The State may not repurpose trust assets to solve fiscal problems 

Third, Wielechowski v. State, 403 P.3d 1141 (Alaska 2017), held only that PFD payments must be appropriated before distribution under Article IX, §13. It did not decide whether the PFD is a trust-based interest that is off-limits to Legislative tampering.  The case clarified procedure, not ownership. 

Taken together, these precedents support the following legal structure: 

Case Governing Principle Implication for PFD 
Schneider (1984) The State may not repudiate a long-standing practice upon which the public reasonably relied. Four decades of formula-based dividends establish a reliance interest. 
Weiss I & II (1985, 1997) The State must administer trust assets solely for beneficiaries and cannot divert them to general use. Permanent Fund earnings are held for the people; diversion to government spending is a breach. 
Wielechowski (2017) PFD payments require appropriation, but the Court did not define the nature of the right. The appropriation step does not eliminate the beneficiaries’ equitable interest. 

The statutory PFD formula is not just a policy choice; it is the long-standing mechanism for distributing a trust-based beneficial right. When the legislature began treating Permanent Fund earnings as general revenue and cutting dividends for its own fiscal convenience, it replaced individual Alaskans as beneficiaries, breaching both its fiduciary duty and Alaskan’s reliance interest built over four decades. 

The legal consequence of that breach is not rhetorical. Under Weiss, the State must restore the diverted portion of the trust benefit. Under Schneider, the State may not claim fiscal necessity to avoid doing so. 

The issue now is not whether the PFD can be paid. The issue is whether the legislature will continue to thumb its nose at Alaskans and treat trust assets as its own. 

The Great Debate Complete Series

Check out previous articles in The Great Debate: The People of Alaska vs the Legislature:

Pearl Harbor: A Defining Moment in American History

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On December 7, 1941, the serene shores of Oahu, Hawaii, erupted into chaos as Japanese forces launched a devastating surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. This assault, meticulously planned amid escalating tensions, stemmed from Japan’s aggressive expansion in Asia, including its 1937 invasion of China, which prompted U.S. economic sanctions and oil embargoes. Negotiations between Tokyo and Washington faltered, leading Japan to strike first to cripple the Pacific Fleet and secure resources for its imperial ambitions.

The raid, executed just before 8 a.m., involved hundreds of Japanese aircraft bombing battleships, airfields, and facilities. In under two hours, the attack claimed 2,403 American lives—sailors, soldiers, and civilians—with 1,178 wounded. Over half the fatalities occurred aboard the USS Arizona, which exploded after a bomb hit its ammunition magazine. The toll on U.S. naval power was immense: eight battleships were damaged or destroyed, including the Arizona and Oklahoma, which capsized. Nearly 20 vessels total and more than 300 aircraft were lost or wrecked, though key aircraft carriers escaped unscathed.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt swiftly addressed Congress on December 8, declaring the attack “a date which will live in infamy” and urging a declaration of war on Japan. Congress approved it almost unanimously (388-1), propelling the U.S. into World War II. Days later, America declared war on Germany and Italy after they allied with Japan, uniting a nation in resolve against tyranny.

Eighty-four years later, on December 7, 2025, President Donald J. Trump issued a proclamation for National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, honoring the “Greatest Generation” and their sacrifices. In the memo, Trump reflected on how the attack “rallied our shattered citizenry and fueled our resolve,” emphasizing vigilance against threats to liberty. He called for flags at half-staff and ceremonies to remember the fallen, noting Japan’s transformation from foe to ally. This annual observance, established by Congress, underscores enduring lessons of courage and peace.

Cook Inlet Comeback: Alaska Grapples with Natural Gas Supply and Prices as LNG Imports Loom

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The disparity between oil and gas operators, utilities, and the state government towards Cook Inlet natural gas volumes leaves residents of Southcentral Alaska caught between the expiring gas contracts and the higher costs of imported liquefied natural gas (LNG). Current prices for Cook Inlet gas hover around $8 per thousand cubic feet (Mcf), according to data from the November 2024 Wood MacKenzie analysis, providing a stable and relatively affordable source for heating and electricity. However, with Railbelt utility gas contracts expiring and utilities diversifying towards renewables, importing LNG could push prices to $12-$14 per Mcf, an increase that would burden households with higher bills.

Alaska vs. The Lower 48: Residential Gas Prices

The distinction between Henry Hub (the U.S. benchmark wholesale price at about $5.07/Mcf) and Cook Inlet prices highlights Alaska’s isolation from the Lower 48 pipeline network. Henry Hub drives commodity costs nationwide but Alaska’s local market keeps residential rates lower at $15.38/Mcf in September 2025, per EIA data. This contrasts with the U.S. average of $24.56/Mcf. Electric power prices, which utilities pass on for gas-fired generation, mirror wholesale trends more closely; in the Lower 48, they’re often near Henry Hub levels, while Alaska’s could rise with imports, straining the customers.

Compared to other states, Alaska ranks fifth lowest in residential gas prices, behind New Mexico ($5.73), Utah ($12.09), Idaho ($12.49), and Montana ($14.33). Texas stands at $33.22 and New York at $26.67— illustrating how southern states face higher markups from distribution and demand.

The LNG Project as Path to Relief

The proposed Alaska Gasline and LNG project provides a path to relief but is still years away. Phase 1, an 800-mile pipeline from the North Slope, is projected to deliver gas at $11.62/Mcf by 2031, competitive with imports at $10.59-$14.24, while the full project drops to $2.31/Mcf, potentially yielding billions in savings.

The majority of the value in the Gasline will come from exporting LNG where a fraction of the total volume has been allocated for instate use. The Trump and Dunleavy administrations have secured various letters of intent and agreements from the governments of Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, and others totaling half of the projects expected gas volume.

Director of Division of Oil and Gas Speaks on the Cook Inlet Resource Management

At the 2025 Resource Development Council Conference, Derek Nottingham, Director of the Division of Oil and Gas, shared a volume forecast of Cook Inlet as recent as July 2025.

Nottingham was enthusiastic when describing how operators in the Cook Inlet are optimizing drilling programs and bringing forward new gas wells in fields where they know there are good gas targets, like the Beluga River field.

“We know there are big, undeveloped gas resources in the Cook Inlet,” Nottingham stated, “this represents the current view of what we have right now which is new gas being brought online in the Kitchen Lights Unit (KLU). Excess gas now has the potential to be stored for the future to curb annual decline and have gas available for use.”

When discussing the demand gap, Nottingham made a point to illustrate that if a renewable project could reduce the electric demand by 10% every other year, roughly equal to 2.5-3BCF per year, it only reduces the electrical demand 25BCF in the next decade.

The main chart still reflects the outcome of the 2022 and 2023 studies where there is no drilling assumed in the Cook Inlet beyond 2030. A stark contrast, made evident by the fact that the operators have more than fulfilled the gap in supply with new wells planned to be drilled in the coming years. This should provide confidence to the utilities to come back to the table and secure new gas contracts to mitigate the risk of higher gas import costs.

“We are going to depend on natural gas in the Cook Inlet for a long time. We absolutely have to find new sources of that,” said Nottingham.

To date, neither Enstar nor the Railbelt electric utility co-ops have signed connection agreements with 8 Star LLC or AGDC for gas offtake from the proposed gas pipeline. This leaves Southcentral dependent on the Cook Inlet operators to continue innovating and bring new volumes to market as a firm alternative to importing LNG.

Alaska Railbelt Reliability Council Selects Black & Veatch to Lead First-Ever Regionwide Energy Plan

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In a pivotal step toward managing power reliability for the majority of Alaskans, the Alaska Railbelt Reliability Council (RRC) has chosen engineering firm Black & Veatch to spearhead the development of the Railbelt’s inaugural systemwide Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). Announced December 2, 2025, this comprehensive strategy aims to ensure a reliable, affordable, and future-ready electricity system across the 700-mile corridor from Fairbanks to Homer, which serves about 75% of the state’s population.

Historically, Railbelt utilities have operated independently, consistent with seven co-op principles. The new IRP shifts this paradigm by creating a central planning organization among the region’s five key utilities: Golden Valley Electric Association, Matanuska Electric Association, Chugach Electric Association, Homer Electric Association, and Seward Electric System. It will also incorporate input from independent power producers (IPPs), businesses, consumer advocates, and energy experts to create a roadmap for generation, transmission, and storage investments. This approach is expected to minimize costs, bolster grid resilience against Alaska’s harsh conditions, and integrate renewables while balancing environmental and affordability goals.

The RRC, established by the Alaska Legislature, emphasizes shared standards to avoid redundant expenses and deliver optimal value. Black & Veatch, with over 40 years of IRP experience—including projects in Alaska—will employ advanced modeling and real-world data to craft the plan.

“I am excited for the opportunity to lead the RRC and realize the value provided through Railbelt-wide standards and regional planning. This IRP will help achieve long-term reliability, sustainability and affordability for Alaskans,” said Ed Jenkin, CEO of the Alaska Railbelt Reliability Council.

The two-year process kicks off with public engagement, including webinars, meetings, and workshops for feedback. An initial open webinar will outline participation details, with registration soon available on the RRC website. The final plan is slated for submission to the Regulatory Commission of Alaska in early 2027.

For more information, visit www.akrrc.org or www.bv.com.

Alaska’s Permanent Fund: The Great Debate Part X

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The People of Alaska vs The Legislature

Part X: The People’s Right to the PFD Based on Quiet Title

By Michael Tavoliero

Quiet title is a legal remedy that can be applied to Alaska’s Permanent Fund Dividend (PFD). It signifies valid ownership rights when possession has been long-settled but competing claims arise that disrupt the status-quo. It does not create ownership; it recognizes ownership that already exists. Its purpose is to eliminate uncertainty by affirming rights matured through use, reliance, and acknowledgment. 

Shilts v. Young (1977)

In Shilts v. Young, 567 P.2d 769 (Alaska 1977), the Alaska Supreme Court reaffirmed that adverse possession requires the possessor’s use to be open, notorious, continuous, exclusive and hostile in order to put the true owner on notice of the possessor’s claim, so that the owner may act to protect his rights. Because the doctrine serves to quiet the title of long-settled possession, it reflects the principle that a beneficial interest acquired through visible and uninterrupted control must ultimately be recognized by law. 

Where possession is uninterrupted, acknowledged, and relied upon for decades, title should not remain uncertain. 

Not Limited to Land

Although AS 09.45.053 prevents adverse possession from transferring title to state-owned land, the principle underlying the doctrine is not confined to soil. Alaska courts have repeatedly recognized that: 

  • Longstanding public practice may mature into protected civic rights (e.g., Ravin v. State, 537 P.2d 494 (Alaska 1975)). 
  • Deeply rooted family autonomy rights cannot be extinguished by statute (Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510 (1925)). 
  • State sovereignty over navigable waters, continuously exercised, becomes recognized and exclusive (Sturgeon v. Frost, 577 U.S. 424 (2016)). 

In each case: use + recognition + reliance = enforceable right. 

PFD Meets Criteria from Sturgeon v. Frost (2016)

The Permanent Fund Dividend satisfies these criteria fully: 

Element Application to PFD (1982–Present) 
Open Distributed annually, publicly recorded, universally known. 
Continuous Paid every year for over forty years. 
Beneficial Directly relied upon for household, family, and economic stability. 
Acquiesced Affirmed by every legislature and governor for decades. 
Recognized Validated as lawful in Zobel v. Williams, 457 U.S. 55 (1982). 

This uninterrupted chain of state administration and public reliance has matured into a settled beneficial property interest. 

The legislature’s authority to adjust the PFD was never the source of the PFD benefit; it was merely the adopted mechanism by which the constitutionally-backed benefit was delivered. When the legislature began diverting realized Permanent Fund earnings into general government operations, it ceased acting as trustee and began acting as beneficiary. This is something the Constitution does not permit.

Alaska Trust Law 

Thus, the question is no longer whether the people deserve the PFD, but whether the legislature may convert beneficiary property to its own use. 

Under Alaska trust law and the Mental Health Trust case law, the answer is clear: 

  • Conversion of trust income requires restoration, not reinterpretation. 
  • The remedy is confirmation of the beneficiary right, not legislative discretion. 
  • When beneficial use is long-settled, the appropriate legal action is quiet title. 

Recognizing a pre-existing right, not creating a new one 

The PFD arises from the constitutional trust framework established in Article VIII of our Constitution, under which natural resource wealth is held not for the State itself, but “for the maximum benefit of its people.” Over more than forty years, the State continuously, openly, and uniformly distributed a defined share of the Permanent Fund’s realized earnings to eligible residents under a statutory formula. This practice was not incidental; it constituted the State’s own long-term acknowledgment that the people hold the beneficial interest in those earnings. 

This sustained pattern of administration created widespread and reasonable reliance. For two generations, families incorporated the PFD into household budgeting, community economies integrated it into local circulation, and the State’s institutions treated the PFD as a fixed, structured distribution of trust income. Under Ravin v. State and Pierce v. Society of Sisters, long-standing rights exercised openly and acknowledged in law mature into constitutionally protected interests. Under Sturgeon v. Frost, jurisdiction or benefit continuously exercised and never disclaimed becomes legally exclusive and resistant to later government recapture.

The PFD follows that same doctrinal arc: use + recognition + reliance = enforceable right. 

Equitable estoppel further prevents the State from now characterizing the PFD as a discretionary appropriation. Under Municipality of Anchorage v. Schneider, the State may not repudiate a long-established policy on which the public reasonably relied where doing so would produce injustice. And under State v. Weiss and Weiss v. State, when the State holds revenue in trust, it must (1) protect the corpus, (2) administer income solely for the beneficiaries, and (3) restore distributions if diverted for the trustee’s benefit. The State may not convert trust income into general revenue simply because of fiscal pressures.  

Conclusion

Thus, the PFD is not a subsidy, grant, program, or legislative preference. It is the quantified distribution of the people’s beneficial interest in a sovereign resource trust. The legislature may manage the corpus, but it may not unilaterally diminish the beneficiaries’ share of trust earnings without their consent — for authority in Alaska originates in the people themselves (Alaska Const. art. I, § 2). 

Accordingly: 

  • The PFD must be restored as a beneficiary distribution of trust income. 
  • Any alteration of the original PFD distribution formula must be made only with the consent of the beneficiaries, the people of Alaska, not by legislative or executive decision alone. 
  • The shift beginning in 2016, where trust earnings were diverted to general government operations, constitutes a breach of fiduciary duty and requires legal remedy. 

To secure this right is not to create something new. It is to confirm what has already matured. 

To restore this right is not to take from the State. It is to return the trust to its rightful beneficiaries. 

The people have held this benefit openly, continuously, and with the State’s affirmative acknowledgment for more than a generation. Under Alaska law, under trust law, under constitutional structure, and under the principles of fairness that precede them all, what the people have possessed cannot now be taken back. 

The Great Debate Complete Series

Check out previous articles in The Great Debate: The People of Alaska vs the Legislature:

Fisherman Sci-Fi Filmed in Ketchikan Screens at Anchorage International Film Festival

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Filmed entirely in Ketchikan, The Ladder boasts award-winning cinematic captures of Alaskan beauty and showcases local Alaskan talent. Alaska-raised writer and director, Emilio Miguel Torres, brings his film home to Anchorage after a nationwide screening tour. Torres introduced the proof-of-concept short film at the Anchorage International Film Festival in 2021. 

The Ladder follows the story of an aging fisherman who undergoes a futuristic medical procedure that gives him a new lease on life. According to a press release, The Ladder is an “Alaskan sci-fi drama exploring the universal questions of aging, purpose, and the longing for second chances.” 

During its tour across America, the feature won 18 official selections and more than 10 major jury awards, including Best Feature Film, Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Cast, and Best Editing. 

Torres states: “I first had the spark of wanting to be a filmmaker as a child in Anchorage. This is the festival that believed in the short film in 2021. And now, after years of work and a beautiful journey around the country, we get to come home.” 

The screening will be on Sunday, December 7, 6pm, at the Anchorage Museum. General admission tickets are $12 per person. An opportunity for Q&A with both Torres and award-winning lead actor and Ketchikan resident Keith Smith will follow the screening.